KernelNewbies:

1. Prominent features

1.1. Block I/O latency controller

This release adds a new cgroup controller that tries to guarantee I/O latency targets for a give cgroup. As long as everybody is meeting their latency target the controller doesn't do anything, but once a group starts missing its target it will attempt to maintain average IO latencies below the configured latency target, throttling anybody with a higher latency target than the victimized group. Latency targets need to be enabled in the new io.latency cgroup file, but experimentation is needed to determine the latency targets for a given hardware configuration. For more details see the documentation.

Recommended LWN article: The block I/O latency controller

Code: commit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

1.2. Preliminary Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) support

This release adds preliminary support in the wireless stack for the existing drafts of the future 802.11ax standard, also known as Wi-Fi 6.

Code: commit 1, 2, 3, 4

1.3. New asynchronous I/O polling interface

After being merged and reverted in 4.18, this feature adds a simple one-shot poll through the io_submit(2) interface to poll for the readiness of file descriptors using the aio subsystem. It allows aio poll to work without any additional context switches, unlike epoll. To poll for a file descriptor the application should submit an iocb of type IOCB_CMD_POLL. It adds a io_pgetevents(2) system call, which is the io_getevents(2) equivalent of ppoll(2)/pselect(2) and allows to properly mix signals and aio completions (especially with IOCB_CMD_POLL). The API is based on patches that existed in RHAS2.1 and RHEL3, which means it already is supported by libaio.

Recommended LWN article: A new kernel polling interface

Code: commit 1, 2, 3, 4

1.4. Overlayfs memory usage improvements

When users of overlayfs (eg. containers) change metadata on a file, overlayfs makes a copy of the entire file's cache for the upper layer. This means that some actions, eg. doing chown() on whole image directory tree, will increase memory usage considerably. This release allows to delay copy up of data: when file is on lower layer and only metadata is modified (except size), the kernel will only only copy up the metadata and continue to use the data from the lower file until file is opened for writing. Following the previous example, doing chown() on whole image directory tree won't trigger a copy of the file's data, containers will continue sharing the page cache. For instructions on how to turn on this feature, see the documentation.

This release also properly implements regular file operations for overlayfs, removing several hacks and allowing proper interaction of read-only open files with copy-up, possibility to implement fs modifying ioctls properly, and others. Overlayfs can now act as a POSIX compliant filesystem with some features turned on, for more details see the documentation

Code copy up medata only: commit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28

Code stack file operations: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

1.5. Intel Cache Pseudo-locking

This release adds support for an Intel-specific CPU feature. It allows a user to specify the amount of CPU cache space that an application can fill, it isolates that region of the CPU cache and 'locks' it. From that point on will only serve cache hits. The cache pseudo-locked memory is made accessible to user space where an application can map it into its virtual address space and thus have a region of memory with reduced average read latency. The locking is not perfect and gets totally screwed by WBINDV and similar mechanisms, but it provides a reasonable enhancement for certain types of latency sensitive applications.

Documentation: Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt

Code: commit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

1.6. New experimental EROFS file system

The new EROFS file system has been added in this release. It is a experimental project, under the staging directory, and still expects to make changes to the on-disk layout. EROFS stands for Enhanced Read-Only File System, and it is a lightweight read-only file system with a modern design (eg. page-sized blocks, inline xattrs/data, etc.) for scenarios which need high-performance read-only requirements, eg. firmwares in mobile phone or Livecds. It also provides VLE compression support, focusing on random read improvements, keeping relatively lower compression ratios, which is useful for high-performance devices with limited memory and ROM space.

Code: source

1.7. Better protection in sticky directories (eg. /tmp)

This release tries to avoid unintentional writes to an attacker-controlled FIFO or regular files by disallowing open of FIFOs or regular files not owned by the user in world writable sticky directories, unless the owner is the same as that of the directory or the file is opened without the O_CREAT flag. The purpose is to make data spoofing attacks harder. This protection can be turned on and off separately for FIFOs (protected_fifos) and regular files (protected_regular) via sysctl, just like the already existing symlinks/hardlinks protection

Code: commit

2. Core (various)

3. File systems

4. Memory management

5. Block layer

6. Tracing and perf

7. Virtualization

8. Security

9. Crypto

10. Networking

11. Architectures

12. Drivers

12.1. Graphics

12.2. Storage

12.3. Drivers in the Staging area

12.4. Networking

12.5. Audio

12.6. Tablets, touch screens, keyboards, mouses

12.7. TV tuners, webcams, video capturers

12.8. Universal Serial Bus

12.9. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

12.10. Watchdog

12.11. Serial

12.12. ACPI, EFI, cpufreq, thermal, Power Management

12.13. Real Time Clock (RTC)

12.14. Voltage, current regulators, power capping, power supply

12.15. Pin Controllers (pinctrl)

12.16. Multi Media Card (MMC)

12.17. Memory Technology Devices (MTD)

12.18. Industrial I/O (iio)

12.19. Multi Function Devices (MFD)

12.20. Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)

12.21. Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)

12.22. Hardware monitoring (hwmon)

12.23. General Purpose I/O (gpio)

12.24. Leds

12.25. DMA engines

12.26. Hardware Random Number Generator (hwrng)

12.27. Cryptography hardware acceleration

12.28. PCI

12.29. FRU Support Interface (FSI)

12.30. Clock

12.31. Various

13. List of merges

14. Other news sites

KernelNewbies: Linux_4.19 (last edited 2018-10-14 21:25:23 by diegocalleja)