likely() and unlikely()

In Linux kernel code, one often find calls to likely() and unlikely(), in conditions, like :

bvl = bvec_alloc(gfp_mask, nr_iovecs, &idx);
if (unlikely(!bvl)) {
  mempool_free(bio, bio_pool);
  bio = NULL;
  goto out;
}

In fact, these functions are hints for the compiler that allows it to correctly optimize the branch, by knowing which is the likeliest one. The definitions of these macros, found in include/linux/compiler.h are the following :

#define likely(x)       __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#define unlikely(x)     __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)

The GCC documentation explains the role of __builtin_except() :