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| "DRAFT" DaveHolt 20120511 | ## page was renamed from DraftKernelBuilding120511 "DRAFT" DaveHolt 2012 May 16 |
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| This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel. When complete I intend to link to it from the kernel building FAQ. | This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel in May 2012. It does not try to list all possibilities, but should provide the reader with a clear, specific path to build a modern Linux kernel. I include timing info (and system specs) to give you an idea how long to expect the steps to take on your system. |
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| Simple (but detailed)example of building a customized Linux 3.3 kernel on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. | I started with an uninitialized (VMware) virtual machine (1GB Memory, 2 processors (2.8MHz i5 760), and 32GB disk). I downloaded using a nominal 6Mbps ADSL. |
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| Note that building a single kernel from scratch (using this method) will use about 10GiB of disk. Be sure you have disk space available before starting. (32GiB provided room for the base system plus two kernel trees). | |
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| On 26 April 2012 I downloaded + burned a CD with "Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" (Desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com . That took about an hour ("your mileage may vary"). | Using an existing system to download the CD image of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com took about an hour. |
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| I booted the CD on a scratch system (a VM in my case), and told it to install. That also took about an hour. The system now booted. | Scratch-installing the CD on the VM took about an hour. This led to a system that boots. All further work was done on this system. |
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| I ran the Update Manager from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. | I ran "Update Manager" from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. You may need to let the system reboot once. You now have a current Ubuntu 12.04 system. |
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| I started firefox and went to http://kernel.org and downloaded the "Latest Stable Kernel", which was 3.3.3 , selecting save_file to ~/Downloads . | Next, I ran firefox, directing it to http://kernel.org . Clicking on "Latest Stable Kernel" caused the 3.3.6 tree to download (default target ~/Downloads/). |
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| I then did | I then did |
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| cd ~/Downloads tar xf linux-3.3.3.tar.bz2 |
cd ~/Downloads tar xf linux-3.3.6.tar.bz2 |
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| which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.3/ | which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.6/ . This took 1 minute. |
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| sudo apt-get install build-essential | sudo apt-get install build-essential |
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| Hit return to tell it to continue. | Hit return to tell it to continue. This took a few minutes. |
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| sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev | sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev |
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| Now go to the kernel tree (depends on what kernel sources you download), and begin the configuration process. | This also took a few minutes. Next go to the kernel tree, and begin the configuration process. |
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| cd linux-3.3.3/ make menuconfig |
cd linux-3.3.6/ make menuconfig |
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| Here are three pictures showing the process: attachment:3.3.6_view_1.png attachment:3.3.6_view_2.png attachment:3.3.6_view_3.png |
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| Next, begin making the kernl (takes ~90 minutes) with | Next, begin making the kernel (takes ~90 minutes) with |
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| make | make |
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| sudo make install | sudo make install |
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These take about 4 and 2 minutes respectively. |
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| After you reboot (e.g. with | After you reboot, as with a command like |
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| sudo shutdown -r now | {{{ sudo shutdown -r now }}} |
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| ), you will come up running your new kernel, which you can verify with | |
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| uname -a | (after roughly 5 minutes,) you will come up running your new kernel, which you can verify with |
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| You will see your initials in the name of the kernel running. | |
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| Go forth and modify! | {{{ uname -a }}} You will see your initials in the name of the running kernel. Congratulations - you just built a modified Linux kernel! Now that you have the basic process working, start making more interesting changes. |
"DRAFT" DaveHolt 2012 May 16
This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel in May 2012. It does not try to list all possibilities, but should provide the reader with a clear, specific path to build a modern Linux kernel. I include timing info (and system specs) to give you an idea how long to expect the steps to take on your system.
I started with an uninitialized (VMware) virtual machine (1GB Memory, 2 processors (2.8MHz i5 760), and 32GB disk). I downloaded using a nominal 6Mbps ADSL.
Note that building a single kernel from scratch (using this method) will use about 10GiB of disk. Be sure you have disk space available before starting. (32GiB provided room for the base system plus two kernel trees).
Using an existing system to download the CD image of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com took about an hour.
Scratch-installing the CD on the VM took about an hour. This led to a system that boots. All further work was done on this system.
I ran "Update Manager" from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. You may need to let the system reboot once. You now have a current Ubuntu 12.04 system.
Next, I ran firefox, directing it to http://kernel.org . Clicking on "Latest Stable Kernel" caused the 3.3.6 tree to download (default target ~/Downloads/).
I then did
cd ~/Downloads tar xf linux-3.3.6.tar.bz2
which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.6/ . This took 1 minute.
Next I installed a recommended package for kernel building (sudo for privilege required to install software on system - it may prompt for your password).
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Hit return to tell it to continue. This took a few minutes.
I then installed ncurses to allow the most basic "graphical" config interface (menuconfig).
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
This also took a few minutes.
Next go to the kernel tree, and begin the configuration process.
cd linux-3.3.6/ make menuconfig
In the "General setup" section, select "Local version". Add something to your customized kernel (e.g. initials).
Here are three pictures showing the process:
attachment:3.3.6_view_1.png
attachment:3.3.6_view_2.png
attachment:3.3.6_view_3.png
Exit menuconfig, saving (which writes the hidden file .config ).
Next, begin making the kernel (takes ~90 minutes) with
make
Now elevate your privileges with sudo to install the kernel:
sudo make modules_install sudo make install
These take about 4 and 2 minutes respectively.
Note that this automatically does other necessary updates, including initrd, and updating the grub2 configuration.
After you reboot, as with a command like
sudo shutdown -r now
(after roughly 5 minutes,) you will come up running your new kernel, which you can verify with
uname -a
You will see your initials in the name of the running kernel.
Congratulations - you just built a modified Linux kernel!
Now that you have the basic process working, start making more interesting changes.