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| "DRAFT" DaveHolt 20120511 15:38 PST - needs better formatting! This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel. When complete I intend to link to it from the kernel building FAQ. Simple (but detailed) example of building a customized Linux 3.3 kernel on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I started with an uninitialized system, and tried to document everything needed to build a modern kernel. The intent is to include everything I needed (e.g. libncurses5-dev ) without including unnecessary steps (emacs + RCS). |
"DRAFT" DaveHolt 20120516 |
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| On 26 April 2012 I downloaded + burned a CD with "Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" (Desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com . That took about an hour (your performance will vary with the speed of the network and your system). | This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel in May 2012. It does not try to list all possibilities, but should provide the reader with a clear, specific path to build a modern Linux kernel. I include timing info (and system specs) to give you an idea how long to expect the steps to take. |
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| I booted the CD on a scratch system (a VMware VM), and told it to install. That also took about an hour. The system now booted. | |
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| I ran the Update Manager from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. | I started with an uninitialized (VMware) virtual machine (1GB Memory, 2 processors (2.8MHz i5 760), and 32GB disk). I downloaded using a nominal 6Mbps ADSL. |
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| I started firefox and went to http://kernel.org and downloaded the "Latest Stable Kernel", which was 3.3.3 , selecting save_file to ~/Downloads . | Note that building a single kernel from scratch (using this method) will use about 10GiB of disk. Be sure you have disk space available before starting. (32GiB provided room for the base system plus two kernel trees. Downloading the CD image of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com took about an hour. Scratch-installing the CD on the VM took about an hour. This led to a booting system. I ran "Update Manager" from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. You may need to let the system reboot once. You now have a current Ubuntu 12.04 system. Next, I ran firefox, directing it to http://kernel.org . Clicking on "Latest Stable Kernel" caused the 3.3.6 tree to download (default target ~/Downloads/). |
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| tar xf linux-3.3.3.tar.bz2 | tar xf linux-3.3.6.tar.bz2 |
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| which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.3/ | which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.6/ |
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| Now go to the kernel tree (depends on what kernel sources you download), and begin the configuration process. | Now go to the kernel tree, and begin the configuration process. |
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| cd linux-3.3.3/ | cd linux-3.3.6/ |
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Here are three pictures showing the process: |
"DRAFT" DaveHolt 20120516
This is a worked example of building a Linux 3.3 kernel in May 2012. It does not try to list all possibilities, but should provide the reader with a clear, specific path to build a modern Linux kernel. I include timing info (and system specs) to give you an idea how long to expect the steps to take.
I started with an uninitialized (VMware) virtual machine (1GB Memory, 2 processors (2.8MHz i5 760), and 32GB disk). I downloaded using a nominal 6Mbps ADSL.
Note that building a single kernel from scratch (using this method) will use about 10GiB of disk. Be sure you have disk space available before starting. (32GiB provided room for the base system plus two kernel trees.
Downloading the CD image of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (desktop 32bit edition) from http://www.ubuntu.com took about an hour.
Scratch-installing the CD on the VM took about an hour. This led to a booting system.
I ran "Update Manager" from "Dash Home" and let it update. That also took about an hour. You may need to let the system reboot once. You now have a current Ubuntu 12.04 system.
Next, I ran firefox, directing it to http://kernel.org . Clicking on "Latest Stable Kernel" caused the 3.3.6 tree to download (default target ~/Downloads/).
I then did
cd ~/Downloads tar xf linux-3.3.6.tar.bz2
which extracted the source tree in ~/Downloads/Linux-3.3.6/
Next I installed a recommended package for kernel building (sudo for privilege required to install software on system - it may prompt for your password).
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Hit return to tell it to continue.
I then installed ncurses to allow the most basic "graphical" config interface (menuconfig).
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
Now go to the kernel tree, and begin the configuration process.
cd linux-3.3.6/ make menuconfig
In the "General setup" section, select "Local version". Add something to your customized kernel (e.g. initials).
Here are three pictures showing the process:
Exit menuconfig, saving (which writes the hidden file .config ).
Next, begin making the kernl (takes ~90 minutes) with
make
Now elevate your privileges with sudo to install the kernel:
sudo make modules_install sudo make install
Note that this automatically does other necessary updates, including initrd, and updating the grub2 configuration.
After you reboot, as with a command like
sudo shutdown -r now
you will come up running your new kernel, which you can verify with
uname -a
You will see your initials in the name of the kernel running.
Go forth and modify!